sexual problems ref (http://playboyacademyofsex.blogspot.in/)

• Sexual dissatisfaction (non-specific)
• Lack of sexual desire
• Anorgasmia
• Impotence
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Delay or absence of ejaculation, despite adequate stimulation
• Inability to control timing of ejaculation
• Inability to relax vaginal muscles enough to allow intercourse
• Inadequate vaginal lubrication preceding and during intercourse
• Burning pain on the vulva or in the vagina with contact to those areas
• Unhappiness or confusion related to sexual orientation
• Transsexual and transgender people may have sexual problems (before or after surgery), though actually being transgendered or transsexual is not a sexual problem in itself.^{[citation needed]}
• Persistent sexual arousal syndrome
• Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction
• Sexual addiction
• Hypersexuality
• All forms of Female genital cutting

List of disorders

Physical or psychological sexual disorders under the DSM

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists the following sexual dysfunctions:

• Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (see also asexuality, which is not classified as a disorder)
• Sexual aversion disorder (avoidance of or lack of desire for sexual intercourse)
• Female sexual arousal disorder (failure of normal lubricating arousal response)
• Male erectile disorder
• Female orgasmic disorder (see Anorgasmia)
• Male orgasmic disorder (see Anorgasmia)
• Premature ejaculation
• Dyspareunia
• Vaginismus

Additional DSM sexual disorders that are not sexual dysfunctions include:

• Paraphilias
• PTSD due to genital mutilation or childhood sexual abuse

Aging in women

Whether or not aging directly affects women’s sexual functioning during menopause is another area of controversy. However, many studies including Hayes and Dennerstein’s critical review, have demonstrated that aging has a powerful impact on sexual function and dysfunction in women, specifically in the areas of desire, sexual interest, and frequency of orgasm.^[1][16] In addition, Dennerstien and colleagues found that the primary predictor of sexual response throughout menopause is prior sexual functioning.^[1] This means that it is important to understand how the physiological changes in men and women can affect their sexual desire.^[16] Despite the seemingly negative impact that menopause can have on sexuality and sexual functioning, sexual confidence and wellbeing can improve with age and menopausal status.^[1] Furthermore, the impact that a relationship status can have on quality of life is often underestimated.

Testosterones, along with its metabolite, dihydrotesosterone, are extremely important to normal sexual functioning in men and women. Dihydrotestosterone is the most prevalent androgen in both men and women.^[16] Testosterone levels in women at age 60 are, on average, about half of what they were before women were 40. Although this decline is gradual for most women, those who’ve undergone bilateral oophorectomy experience a sudden drop in testosterone levels; this is because the ovaries produce 40% of the body’s circulating testosterone.^[16] Sexual desire has been related to three separate components- drive, beliefs and values, and motivation.^[16] Particularly in postmenopausal women, drive fades and is not longer the initial step in a woman's sexual response (if it ever was).

Menopause

Research on sexual dysfunction is more difficult in menopausal women because of the changes that are taking place during their specific physiological state.^[17] The female sexual response system is complex and even today, not fully understood. The most prevalent of female sexual dysfunctions that have been linked to menopause include lack of desire and libido; these are predominantly associated with hormonal physiology.^[1] Specifically, it is the decline in serum estrogens that causes these changes in sexual functioning. Androgen depletion may also play a role, but currently this is less clear. The hormonal changes that take place during the menopausal transition have been suggested to affect women’s sexual response through several mechanisms, some more conclusive than others.^[1]

Many studies have demonstrated the dramatic changes in sexual functioning that can take place during this transition phase. Studies have found that as many as 25% of menopausal women are unable to experience orgasm, 20% reported no pleasure with sex, and another 20% had lubrication difficulties.^[17] While there has been controversy over whether these are due to the natural causes of aging or whether they’re specific to the menopause transition, it seems like most studies have come to the conclusion that decreases in sexual interest and sexual satisfaction are due to menopause.^[17] Furthermore, one study found that all aspects of sexual life were significantly compromised in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) compared to both menstruating women and postmenopausal women with HRT.

Female sexual dysfunction

Several theories have looked at female sexual dysfunction, from medical to psychological perspectives. Three social psychological theories include: the self-perception theory, the overjustification hypothesis, and the insufficient justification hypothesis:

• Self-perception theory: people make attributions about their own attitudes, feelings, and behaviours by relying on their observations of external behaviours and the circumstances in which those behaviours occur
• Overjustification hypothesis: when an external reward is given to a person for performing an intrinsically rewarding activity, the person’s intrinsic interest will decrease
• Insufficient justification: based on the classic cognitive dissonance theory (inconsistency between two cognitions or between a cognition and a behavior will create discomfort), this theory states that people will alter one of the cognitions or behaviours to restore consistency and reduce distress

The importance of how a woman perceives her behavior should not be underestimated. Many women perceived sex as a chore as opposed to a pleasurable experience, and they tend to consider themselves sexually inadequate, which in turn does not motivate them to engage in sexual activity.^[16] Several factors influence a women’s perception of her sexual life. These can include: race, her gender, ethnicity, educational background, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, financial resources, culture, and religion.^[16] Cultural differences are also present in how women view menopause and its impact on health, self-image, and sexuality. A study has found that African American women are the most optimistic about menopausal life; Caucasian women are the most anxious, Asian women are the most inhibited about their symptoms, and Hispanic women are the most stoic.

Uncommon sexual disorders in men

Erectile dysfunction from vascular disease is usually seen only amongst elderly individuals who have atherosclerosis. Vascular disease is common in individuals who have diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension and those who smoke. Any time blood flow to the penis is impaired, erectile dysfunction is the end result.

Hormone deficiency is a relatively rare cause of erectile dysfunction. In individuals with testicular failure like in Klinefelter syndrome, or those who have had radiation therapy, chemotherapy or childhood exposure to mumps virus, the testes may fail and not produce testosterone. Other hormonal causes of erectile failure include brain tumors, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or disorders of the adrenal gland.

Structural abnormalities of the penis like Peyronie's disease can make sexual intercourse difficult. The disease is characterized by thick fibrous bands in the penis which leads to a deformed-looking penis.

Drugs are also a cause of erectile dysfunction. Individuals who take drugs to lower blood pressure, uses antipsychotics, antidepressants, sedatives, narcotics, antacids or alcohol can have problems with sexual function and loss of libido.

Priapism is a painful erection that occurs for several hours and occurs in the absence of sexual stimulation. This condition develops when blood gets trapped in the penis and is unable to drain out. If the condition is not promptly treated, it can lead to severe scarring and permanent loss of erectile function. The disorder occurs in young men and children. Individuals with sickle-cell disease and those who abuse certain medications can often develop this disorder.

Sexual pain disorders

Sexual pain disorders affect women almost exclusively and are also known as dyspareunia (painful intercourse) or vaginismus (an involuntary spasm of the muscles of the vaginal wall that interferes with intercourse).
Dyspareunia may be caused by insufficient lubrication (vaginal dryness) in women. Poor lubrication may result from insufficient excitement and stimulation, or from hormonal changes caused by menopause, pregnancy, or breast-feeding. Irritation from contraceptive creams and foams can also cause dryness, as can fear and anxiety about sex.
It is unclear exactly what causes vaginismus, but it is thought that past sexual trauma (such as rape or abuse) may play a role. Another female sexual pain disorder is called vulvodynia or vulvar vestibulitis. In this condition, women experience burning pain during sex which seems to be related to problems with the skin in the vulvar and vaginal areas. The cause is unknown.